Summary about Disease
Fever blisters, also known as cold sores, are small, painful blisters that typically occur on or around the lips. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The infection is very common and highly contagious. Once infected, the virus remains dormant in the body and can reactivate, causing recurrent outbreaks.
Symptoms
Tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the lips
Small, fluid-filled blisters that erupt on or around the lips
The blisters may merge to form a larger sore
Crusting over of the blisters
Pain or tenderness around the sore
In some cases, flu-like symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, or sore throat.
Causes
Fever blisters are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The virus is typically contracted through direct contact with an infected person, such as:
Kissing
Sharing utensils or drinks
Touching a blister and then touching another part of the body
Factors that can trigger outbreaks include:
Stress
Sun exposure
Illness
Hormonal changes
Weakened immune system
Medicine Used
Antiviral creams: Acyclovir (Zovirax), penciclovir (Denavir) are topical creams that can help speed up healing and reduce the severity of outbreaks. They are most effective when applied at the first sign of a cold sore.
Oral antiviral medications: Acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famciclovir (Famvir) are prescription medications that can be taken orally to treat cold sores. They are typically prescribed for severe or frequent outbreaks.
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help relieve pain and fever associated with cold sores.
Topical anesthetics: Creams or gels containing lidocaine or benzocaine can help numb the area and relieve pain.
Is Communicable
Yes, fever blisters are highly communicable. The virus is most contagious when blisters are present and actively weeping fluid. However, it can still be spread even when no visible sores are present (asymptomatic shedding).
Precautions
Avoid touching the cold sore.
Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
Avoid sharing utensils, drinks, towels, or other personal items with others.
Avoid kissing or other close contact with others, especially infants and people with weakened immune systems.
Avoid picking or squeezing the blisters.
Apply antiviral creams or ointments as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
Protect your lips from sun exposure with sunscreen or lip balm containing SPF.
Manage stress and get enough rest.
Avoid triggers that can cause outbreaks.
How long does an outbreak last?
A typical fever blister outbreak lasts for 1-2 weeks.
How is it diagnosed?
Fever blisters are usually diagnosed based on their appearance. A healthcare provider can usually diagnose a cold sore by visually examining the sores. In some cases, a viral culture or PCR test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
Day 1-2 (Prodrome): Tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the lips.
Day 2-4 (Blister Formation): Small, fluid-filled blisters appear.
Day 4-7 (Ulceration): Blisters break open and form shallow ulcers.
Day 7-10 (Crusting): Ulcers begin to scab over.
Day 10-14 (Healing): Scabs fall off and the skin heals.
Important Considerations
Fever blisters can be more severe in people with weakened immune systems.
The virus can spread to other parts of the body, such as the eyes (herpes keratitis), which can cause serious complications.
If you have frequent or severe outbreaks, talk to your doctor about suppressive antiviral therapy.
If you suspect your baby has a cold sore, seek medical attention immediately. Neonatal herpes is a serious condition.
Although rare, HSV-1 can cause encephalitis or meningitis.